Generative AI with Multimodal Knowledge in the Defense Industry

Abstract
This in-depth review examines the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) with multimodal knowledge capabilities on the defense sector. The integration of these advanced AI systems, capable of processing, reasoning across, and generating content from diverse data modalities such as text, imagery, audio, and sensor data, represents a paradigm shift in military operations. This article explores the fundamental architectures and mechanisms underlying these technologies, analyzes their current applications in surveillance, intelligence analysis, decision support, autonomous systems, cybersecurity, training, and logistics, and presents real-world case studies from across U.S. military branches and allied initiatives. While these technologies offer unprecedented capabilities for enhancing battlefield awareness, operational efficiency, and strategic planning, they simultaneously introduce complex technical, ethical, legal, and strategic challenges. The article addresses critical risks including model reliability, data security, human oversight, algorithmic bias, and the potential for arms race dynamics, while outlining policy frameworks and technical safeguards for responsible deployment. As generative AI with multimodal knowledge continues to reshape military capabilities, this analysis provides defense leaders, policymakers, and technologists with essential insights for navigating the delicate balance between technological advantage and ethical governance in an increasingly data-driven battlespace.